RWN.ENR.0178.0±35 ptsRWN.AGR.0164.0±39 ptsRWN.INF.0161.0±42 ptsRWN.PRP.0183.0±33 ptsRWN.ENR.0259.0±47 ptsRWN.ENR.0346.0±44 ptsRWN.INF.0268.0±45 ptsRWN.AGR.0257.0±42 ptsRWN.AGR.0362.0±41 ptsRWN.INF.0344.0±44 ptsRWN.INF.0453.0±45 ptsRWN.INF.0566.0±41 ptsRWN.PRP.0261.0±41 ptsRWN.PRP.0363.0±42 ptsRWN.PRP.0448.0±43 ptsRWN.CRD.0171.0±40 ptsRWN.CRD.0258.0±43 ptsRWN.CRD.0388.0±22 ptsRWN.CMD.0179.0±35 ptsRWN.CMD.0239.0±46 ptsRWN.PRP.0546.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0754.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0858.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0954.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1148.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1240.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1340.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1448.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0464.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0548.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0754.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0958.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1058.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1134.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1258.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1348.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0148.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0234.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0434.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0540.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0634.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0740.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0948.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0358.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0448.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0534.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0734.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0934.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1140.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1234.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0140.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0248.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0458.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0540.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0758.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0848.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0958.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.1040.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0140.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0258.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0334.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0434.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0534.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0634.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0734.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0934.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.1034.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0158.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0258.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0448.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0558.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0648.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0748.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0858.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0948.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.1040.0±26 ptsRWN.ENR.0178.0±35 ptsRWN.AGR.0164.0±39 ptsRWN.INF.0161.0±42 ptsRWN.PRP.0183.0±33 ptsRWN.ENR.0259.0±47 ptsRWN.ENR.0346.0±44 ptsRWN.INF.0268.0±45 ptsRWN.AGR.0257.0±42 ptsRWN.AGR.0362.0±41 ptsRWN.INF.0344.0±44 ptsRWN.INF.0453.0±45 ptsRWN.INF.0566.0±41 ptsRWN.PRP.0261.0±41 ptsRWN.PRP.0363.0±42 ptsRWN.PRP.0448.0±43 ptsRWN.CRD.0171.0±40 ptsRWN.CRD.0258.0±43 ptsRWN.CRD.0388.0±22 ptsRWN.CMD.0179.0±35 ptsRWN.CMD.0239.0±46 ptsRWN.PRP.0546.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0754.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0858.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.0954.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1148.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1240.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1340.0±26 ptsRWN.PRP.1448.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0464.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0548.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0754.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.0958.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1058.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1134.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1258.0±26 ptsRWN.CRD.1348.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0148.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0234.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0434.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0540.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0634.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0740.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.0948.0±26 ptsRWN.EQU.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0358.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0448.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0534.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0734.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.0934.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1048.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1140.0±26 ptsRWN.CMD.1234.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0140.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0248.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0458.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0540.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0640.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0758.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0848.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.0958.0±26 ptsRWN.COL.1040.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0140.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0258.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0334.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0434.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0534.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0634.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0734.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0840.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.0934.0±26 ptsRWN.DIG.1034.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0158.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0258.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0348.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0448.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0558.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0648.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0748.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0858.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.0948.0±26 ptsRWN.CUR.1040.0±26 pts

Frontiers · Digital Farmlands · Token architecture

The token is a claim. Define it.

Legal rights, asset verification and liquidity must work together for a tokenised farm to be investable.

Choose the economic claim

Equity in the asset-owning vehicle

Exposure to residual farm income and asset value after creditors and costs. Voting, distributions, redemption and liquidation rights must be specified in governing documents.

  1. 1

    Local landholding entity

    Holds lawful title or leasehold rights. Local ownership limits, taxes and permits still apply.

  2. 2

    Fund or holding structure

    Aggregates asset entities where permitted. Review insolvency isolation, governance, fees and conflicts; no jurisdiction is automatically suitable.

  3. 3

    Documented equity rights

    Define share class, payout waterfall, investor votes, dilution and manager removal.

  4. 4

    Permissioned token register

    Identity checks and transfer controls can support compliance. ERC-3643 is one option — not a legal approval or a substitute for correct data.

  5. 5

    Distributions and eligible transfers

    Reconcile bank receipts, taxes and investor records. Fiat or stablecoin payouts need documented providers, controls and recovery.

Current appraisal basis

Equity economics

$100,000

Equity budget from the model — not an offering, subscription price or allocation.

Underlying asset purchase

$98,039

Modelled financing

0% LTV

Tokens do not create buyers

Fractional ownership may lower ticket sizes; it does not guarantee volume, redemption or a price near NAV.

Data does not settle title

Satellites and sensors help monitoring. Registry checks, inspections and audits still matter.

AFIDA and local restrictions

U.S. reporting analysis is separate from ownership prohibitions. Counsel must verify current federal and state requirements.

Primary source ↗

Withholding is not final tax

FIRPTA generally withholds 15% of amount realised on covered dispositions, with exceptions. It is not a flat tax on every token transfer.

Primary source ↗

Restricted resale

SEC Rule 144 is one resale safe harbour with holding periods and conditions. A timer alone does not create eligibility or liquidity.

Primary source ↗